Story #11

William H. H. Reddick

This story comes in bits and pieces from a variety of sources. Of particular interest is a manuscript written by Opal M. Brickey that was serialized in the Adams County News in 1961. Mrs. Brickey is best remembered as a first grade teacher at Peebles Elementary School. Her main concern was her students, but outside the classroom she participated in a variety of interests and social activities and was an admired local amateur historian.

She gathered a great deal of information for this particular story by personally visiting with members and acquaintances of the Reddick family. Other newspaper accounts, published books, a genealogical collection, and government repositories were also consulted along with first hand accounts by some of the soldiers. The most complete volume of information concerning William Reddick and his experiences as a member of Andrews' Raiders was written by another of the participants, Corporal William Pittenger. Strictly for entertainment purposes, consider watching the 1926 Buster Keaton movie 'The General' or the 1956 Disney production of 'The Great Locomotive Chase.'

This story begins as William Henry Harrison Reddick was born September 9, 1840, at the family farm in the Locust Grove area. He was the fourth of nine children and the fourth son of George Washington and Clarissa Tate Reddick. The family had also resided and added children in Georgia, then in Iowa, and in California before settling in Ohio where William was born.

In August 1861, a few months before his twenty-first birthday, William, and two of his friends from the area,
volunteered to take part in the Civil War. They had heard details of many adventures from recruiters, soldiers
and government officials who passed through Locust Grove on their way to collect and organize troops for the
war. The young men's loyalty to the Union, the flag and the constitution had grown, along with their enthusiasm to be part of the action.

Two army captains had been assigned to set up a recruitment office at the town's community
center, the Locust Grove Methodist Church. Reddick and his friends went there to enlist and that same evening were sent to camp at Portsmouth. Reddick became a private in Company B of the 33rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry. His regiment left on September 13th to join General Nelson and other troops in Maysville, Kentucky, and then headed south toward Atlanta.

Early on, William Reddick proved himself a capable and eager soldier as his unit became engaged in several military advances and occupations. He happened to overhear a discussion of a plan in which a select group of men would steal a train in Georgia, drive it north to Tennessee while burning bridges and destroying communication lines along the way. The railroad line was the Western & Atlantic. It was called “the backbone of the rebellion.” Only eight months after his enlistment Reddick volunteered and was quickly approved to join the special detachment.

The final plan, which was far from being complete, was presented to the soldiers at a midnight meeting at Shelbyville, Tennessee. Mrs. Brickey's writings continue the story: “He was to get to Big Shanty, six miles from Marietta, Georgia, the best way he could without being caught. Once he arrived there he would be joined by a group of hand-picked men who were to help him capture a train and bring it back to the Union lines, burning the bridges behind them. This capture would stop many shipments of supplies and many troop trains of the Confederacy, thus ending the war sooner.”

The train was stolen on the morning of April 12, 1862. As the group made its way to Tennessee there were several obstacles encountered along the way. Confederate troops had previously been stationed along the tracks for protection. Telegraph messages had quickly been sent ahead before the Raiders could cut all the telegraph wires. At least one other train was headed southward on the same tracks. Each problem was dealt with as it arose. But there was one problem that brought the chase to an end. Mrs. Brickey continues... “The mission was unsuccessful because the raiders were unable to take the train the last 10-14 miles necessary to reach their destination due to lack of fuel and the pursuit of another train within yards of distance. The stolen train came to a slow run and the raiders jumped from it running in every direction to the woods, swamps or river.” The Confederate troops that were encamped along the way to protect the rails took chase. Within 24 hours all the raiders had been captured near Ringgold, Georgia. 

They were first taken to Chattanooga for imprisonment and later transferred to Atlanta.  Andrews and seven of the men were tried in court and executed. The other fourteen remained prisoners in Fulton County until October 16,1862, when the desperate prisoners overpowered their jailer and guards to flee. Six of them eventually reached safety behind Union lines. Two other escapees made it to the Gulf of Mexico and a U.S. gunboat. The remaining six prisoners, including Reddick, were recaptured in a matter of minutes and were re-jailed until they were transferred to Libby Prison in Richmond, Virginia, on December 3, 1862.

They spent eleven months there before an exchange for Confederate prisoners was arranged. Their release was eventually negotiated with the assistance of Joseph Holt who had been appointed by President Lincoln as Judge Advocate General of the United States Army. He reported the six were “shut up in a room... where they shivered through the winter, without fire, thinly clad, and with but two small blankets, which they had saved with their
clothes, to cover the whole party.” The trade occurred on March 17, 1863. The six were then taken to Washington D.C. on March 25, 1863, for a meeting with Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. They told him of their experiences during the assignment and the terrors of their imprisonment. Stanton also questioned them about their feelings on the South and the war. 

Stanton admitted he had heard about the mission, but after the reports ended, he had assumed they had all perished. But once he heard that some of the Raiders were still alive, he worked for their release.  Stanton excused himself from the meeting, but returned after a short time with six of the newly minted Medals of Honor. The award for distinguished
members of the Army had been established in July, 1862. One by one, Stanton pinned a medal on each soldier's uniform, the first ones to be presented.

Reddick was the last of the group to receive his award. His citation read:  “The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress,
takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Corporal William Henry Harrison Reddick, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on April
1862, while serving with Company G, 21st Ohio Infantry, in action during the Andrew's Raid in Georgia. Corporal Reddick was one of the 19 of 22 men (including two civilians) who, by direction of General Mitchell (or Buell), penetrated nearly 200 miles south into enemy territory and captured a
railroad train at Big Shanty, Georgia, in an attempt to destroy the bridges and tracks between Chattanooga and Atlanta.”

Stanton also gave each soldier $100 and advised they would be reimbursed for any personal property the Confederates had taken from them. They were also offered a lieutenant's commission in the Army. The six were then taken to meet President Lincoln.

William's father, George Reddick, had heard he was imprisoned. He traveled
to Washington D.C. to personally meet with the president to see what could
be done for William's release.

He sat and waited in another room to see Lincoln, not knowing that his son was in Lincoln's office. After the short ceremony, the soldiers left by another door. Once with the president, Mr. Reddick was told if he hurried he might catch them at the train station. He immediately left, found the six at the station, arranged and paid for their transport and needs as they traveled to their homes.

H. C. Pemberton, of Cleveland, formerly of the area, wrote a history of the Locust Grove Methodist Church that appeared in the Adams County News, June 24, 1948. It tells of a large community gathering held at the church on May 15, 1863, to welcome 2nd Lieutenant William Reddick home. The story was related of how Secretary Stanton said Reddick “had become the great hero,” and how President Lincoln, with his two hands, had grasped Reddick's in greeting, saying, “He became the great hero of his neighbors.”

The ladies of the church and community had organized a group early in the war to support the troops. “The Locust Grove Relief Society” provided food, bedding, clothing, toiletries, first aid supplies and other necessities for the Union soldiers fighting in the fields of battle.

Admirers and friends joined with the society to provide a sword that had cost $20, for presentation to Reddick.

On one side it was engraved, “Presented to Lt. William H, Reddick by his friends in Locust Grove, Ohio, May 15, 1863.” The other side is inscribed:  “Reward of Valor, Thirty-third Regiment, Ohio Volunteers.” The newspaper article also said, “Reddick gracefully acknowledged the gift and requested that public acknowledgment be made in the press.”

After the ceremonies in Washington, one of the soldiers went home. He went on to serve again in the army. The other five, including Reddick, went on furloughs to their homes, then rejoined their units in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, to fulfill their enlistment terms. William was one of the soldiers who went on to fight in the battle of Chickamauga.

William married Rachel Ann Stahl. They lived in the Locust Grove area for a time after his war service and started a family. In 1865 they moved to a farm in the open territory of Iowa, near Rachel's family. They eventually had nine children. William died in 1903, of typhoid pneumonia. Rachel died in 1930, of influenza and heart related issues. They are buried in the Lettsville Cemetery in Louisa County, Iowa. A plaque at the grave site commemorates William's contribution to the war effort.

The steam locomotive, Western & Atlantic Railroad #3, The General, traveled throughout the United States after the war and was placed on display in many locations including the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893, the 1939 New York's World Fair, the Chicago Railroad Fair in 1948, the American Civil War Centennial and the 1964 New York World's Fair.

Since 1972, it has been on permanent display at the Southern Museum of Civil
War and Locomotive History in Kennesaw, Georgia, just a few yards away from where The Great Locomotive Chase began. It is on the National
Register of Historic Places.
William's sword is also on display at the museum in
Kennesaw.